PBJ Research & Analysis | Studies Shaping Post-Acute Care

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PBJ Research & Analysis

Study of antipsychotic use connection to staffing levels

August 1, 2022

Our Take: A cross-sectional study found that higher licensed nurse staffing hours are statistically associated with lower rates of inappropriate antipsychotic prescribing, with RN and LPN hours showing the strongest effect. ▼ For…

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Research shows COVID-19 vaccination mandates don’t negatively affect nursing home staffing

July 29, 2022

Our Take: A cohort study published in JAMA Health Forum found that state-level COVID-19 vaccine mandates increased nursing home staff vaccination rates without worsening reported staffing shortages. Researchers concluded the findings support extending…

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Research on COVID staffing finds policy action can stabilize staffing levels

July 22, 2022

Our Take: A cohort study published in JAMA Health Forum found that severe COVID-19 outbreaks caused lasting declines in nursing staff levels, with total staffing hours falling 5.5% below pre-outbreak levels 16 weeks…

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Study confirms lower turnover linked to higher quality of care

May 7, 2022

Our Take: A peer-reviewed study using PBJ data found that higher staff turnover was consistently associated with lower quality across all Five-Star Quality Rating System domains. Total nurse staff turnover averaged 53.4% at…

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Study shows weekend and daily variation in nursing home staffing led to poorer clinical quality

March 14, 2022

Our Take: A 2022 study in JAMA Network Open analyzed PBJ data from 13,339 nursing homes and found that daily variation in RN and CNA staffing levels was significantly and negatively associated with…

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Nursing home staffing levels did not change significantly during COVID-19

May 3, 2021

Our Take: A May 2021 Health Affairs study using CMS PBJ data found that while total nursing hours in SNFs declined during the first nine months of COVID-19, nurse staff hours per resident…

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Research on how skilled nursing facility staffing impacted by new payment rules

March 10, 2021

Our Take: Coverage of recent PDPM payment policy developments highlights how reimbursement changes can influence staffing levels as providers adjust operations to maintain financial sustainability. ▼ As reimbursement changes affect staffing strategies that…

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OIG reports on CMS use of data on nursing home staffing: progress and opportunities to do more

March 9, 2021

Our Take: An OIG review found CMS is making progress using PBJ staffing data to improve transparency. However OIG recommended CMS add turnover and staff tenure data to Care Compare to strengthen oversight…

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New research examines if nursing home staff turnover a good quality metric

March 1, 2021

Our Take: Research using PBJ staffing data shows nursing home staff turnover is associated with quality outcomes, but questions remain about whether turnover alone fully reflects facility performance. Labor shortages and market conditions…

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OIG Study: HHS watchdog probes enforcement of nursing home staffing standards

August 30, 2020

Our Take: The HHS Office of Inspector General’s review of how CMS enforces nursing home staffing requirements signals continued federal scrutiny of staffing compliance and reporting accuracy. Skilled nursing facilities should expect increased…

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PBJ News Topics

Read about PBJ regulations, research & news impacting SNFs

Most Recent PBJ News

Democratic bills revive minimum staffing debate

March 30, 2026

Minimum Staffing Roundup

Our Take: CMS repealed the nursing home minimum staffing rule in early 2026 following court defeats. Key provisions…

CMS nursing home funding campaign grows to $200 million

March 16, 2026

Minimum Staffing Roundup

Our Take: CMS has expanded its nursing home staffing campaign from $75 million to $200 million. Proposed with…

PBJ technical specifications changed

March 16, 2026

PBJ Policy & Enforcement

Our Take: CMS made minor updates to the PBJ data specification for uploaded PBJ files. Users can no…

The effects of labor unions on nurse staffing ratios

March 2, 2026

PBJ Research & Analysis

Our Take: A Health Affairs study of 321 newly unionized nursing homes from 2013 to 2021 found that…

Did state staffing mandates add direct care staff or hurt SNF finances?

March 2, 2026

PBJ Research & Analysis

Our Take: A study of 6,849 nursing homes in 22 states found that state minimum staffing mandates raised…

Medical Director compliance under increasing federal and state scrutiny

February 23, 2026

Latest PBJ News

Our Take: Federal regulators and state lawmakers are intensifying scrutiny of SNF medical directors. OIG is actively reviewing…

State Attorneys General ask CMS for staffing rule on for-profit SNFs

February 1, 2026

Minimum Staffing Roundup

Our Take: Following CMS’s repeal of a federal staffing mandate, attorneys general from 18 states are urging the…

SNF benchmarking report points to value based care, Medicare Advantage, and PBJ scrutiny

January 30, 2026

Latest PBJ News

Our Take: Plante Moran’s 2025 SNF Benchmarking Report analyzes data from over 12,000 skilled nursing facilities. They highlighted…

AHCA: Nursing homes added 40,700 jobs in 2025 as turnover, agency use declined

January 28, 2026

PBJ Research & Analysis

Our Take: AHCA/NCAL’s January 2026 Nursing Home Workforce Report shows that the nursing home sector added 40,700 jobs…

CMS Special Focus Facility program ‘crack down’ on troubled nursing homes ends use of staffing

January 28, 2026

PBJ Policy & Enforcement

Our Take: A CMS memo originally added staffing to the Special Focus Facility program but later shifted away…

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